Solar power plants are necessary worldwide, and this new renewable technology is being built in many parts of the world. Solar energy is now distributed to energy systems worldwide, which is gradually increasing the demand. The GHI comprises both the diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHF) and the direct normal irradiance (DNI).
The energy of the solar system is frequently communicated in terms of the global horizontal irradiance (GHI), which is the entire quantity of the shortwave radiation received from above by a surface horizontal to the earth’s crust. Solar energy remains unique as a free, clean, and profuse energy source that provides electric energy to many parts of the world. Environmental degradation and global warming are caused by fossil fuel, and renewable energy sources represent an alternative replacement for the demand for energy in the future and alternative for sustainable development. If we were to store that energy for uses of daily needs, the demand for fossil fuels would be progressively reduced. Arid and semi-arid regions have a huge amount of solar energy received from the sun. Solar power stations are essential because of future energy demand, and the present energy supply comes from many sources. Solar energy is the most valuable natural energy source, and can fulfill the energy demands on Earth. In addition, fossil fuel is limited on the planet and one day it will be finished, leading to the need for alternative energy for sustainable development. Nowadays, fossil fuel has a huge amount of uses and has led to increased health problems like respiratory disease, asthma, lung infection, and cancer. Renewable energies are essential for future transportation, industrial work, and daily demands for people. This study result is helpful for administrators, urban planners, developers, and other stakeholders for the implementation and development of a new solar power plant in the study area. If solar power plants are contracted then the demand for fossil fuel will be reduced one day, and that will help the environment as well as the society in terms of sustainable development. Renewable energy source is needed in the megacity of Kolkata. Very high and high-potential sites were identified 2 to 5 km from the central business district (CBD) location, which is Dharmotala. The Kolkata megacity and water body locations were identified as moderate to not suitable sites. A total of 1438.15 km 2 (32.43%) of the area was classified as highly suitable for a solar power plant. A total of 474.21 km 2 (10.69%) of the area was classified as very highly suitable whereas 249.54 km 2 (5.62%) area was classified as not suitable because of the water area and east Kolkata wetland. The suitability map was divided into five categories, from not suitable to very highly suitable. The site suitability map was developed using a pairwise comparison matrix and the weights were calculated for each criterion.
The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-criteria decision-making process (MCDA) were used for each weight calculation and ArcGIS v10.8 was applied for weighted overlay analysis (WOA) for delineation of the result. Remote sensing and geographic information technology (GIS) were used for this study to delineate the possible site selection of solar power plants in Kolkata and the surrounding area in West Bengal, India. Solar power plants are necessary for domestic and daily use. Solar energy is the most effective renewable resource for daily use. Fossil fuel is the most valuable and limited resource on the planet, but on the other hand, renewable energy creates less pollution. Renewable energy sources are the most necessitated natural energy to reduce fossil fuels globally.
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